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Welkom bij RNVB (Russisch Nationaal Visum Bureau) – Wij zijn een dochteronderneming van Stichting Public Diplomacy Corps, goedgekeurd door de Kamer van Koophandel en Industrie van de Russische Federatie in Nederland. RNVB werd in 2003 opgericht voor het verlenen van visumdiensten voor grote Nederlandse bedrijven die actief zijn op de Russische markt. Ook bieden wij visum diensten voor vertegenwoordigers van middelgrote-kleine bedrijven en particulieren.
This city is very popular with foreign guests visiting our country. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is believed that the city is eight and a half centuries old. The first record of it in the chronicles is dated in the year 1147, and its history starts with a legend about how the Prince Yury Dolgoruky («Long-armed»), who is considered the founder of the city, invited his neighbour - a Prince as well - to a council; and in honor of the event «there was a powerful dinner» in Moscow. A monument to Yury Dolgoruky stands in one of the central squares, opposite the Moscow city hall.
Many centuries ago the city was built on seven hills. It is rather difficult to discern them now, with the only exception of Borovitsky Hill where one of the twenty Kremlin towers stands. The Kremlin (translated from Greek, the word means «a steep hill») and Red Square definitely are the main Moscow sights, symbols of the whole of Russia.
The intricate towers and walls of the Moscow Kremlin were built to a design of Italian architects. The Russian Government works in the Kremlin, so tourists are only allowed to the part of its territory where the cathedrals, the oldest Russian museum, the Armoury Chamber, and the Diamond Fund with its unique collection of precious stones and jewelry are located.
In the Kremlin, close to the 81 - meter tall Bell-Tower of Ivan the Great - once the highest building in Russia - the Tsar-Bell is on display, the largest bell in the world. Its weight is 202 tons and height 6.14 meters. It has never rung: soon after being founded it broke during a fire in 1737. A huge chunk which came off, lies next to it now. Not far from the bell, there is the 40-ton Tsar-Cannon - a masterpiece of the 16th century foundry - which also has never been used for its purpose.
Moscow is a real megapolis: more than 40 km from north to south, more than 30 from east to west. Including the suburbs, it has more than 10 million inhabitants, which makes it the Fifth largest city in the world. Besides, every day there are more than one million visitors in Moscow, and certainly a big part of them are tourists. Those who get to the Russian capital on business - or on route - try to linger here for one or two days to have a look at the city.
There are 5 airports, 9 railway stations and 2 river boat ports in Moscow. The length of the underground lines exceeds 260 kilometers to more than 160 metro stations, new ones are continuously added. The palace-halls of the metro stations, which are among the most beautiful in the world, were built about fifty years ago. The first line was opened in 1935. «Mayakovskaya» and «Komsomol'skaya» are considered the best of them.
The architectural silhouette of the city is quite recognizable due to the seven high-rise buildings constructed in the late 40s and early 50s by a direct command of Stalin. The most famous of them is the University of Moscow building on the Vorobyovy Hills. The other «tall ones» are occupied by the Foreign Affairs Ministry, some hotels, offices, or simply dwellings. The pompous Moscow sky-scrapers with their steeples and sculptures have been raising contradictory appraisals since they were built, but now Moscow without them is just as unimaginable as Paris without the Eiffel Tower.
Among the scores of Moscow theatres, the most famous is the Bolshoi (Grand). Introduction to the Russian classical ballet is a must of any tour program. The Moscow circuses are also popular with foreign guests; there are two in the city, both of them performing continuously.
The bridges across the Moskva and Yauza rivers are adornments of the city, especially in the evening when they are illuminated in a showy way. The longest of them (2 km) is the Metro-bridge in Luzhniki, and the smallest one across the Yauza is only 20 meters long.
The elegant single-arch Krymsky Bridge is perhaps the most beautiful bridge in Moscow. Bridges are constantly built or reconstructed in the city; sometimes they are even moved up-or down-stream by means of barges.
At the highest point of Moscow - Vorobyovy Gory (Hills) - there is a viewing area from which you can see the panorama of the Moskva riverbend and the Big Arena of Luzhniki Stadium where the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games were held in 1980.
There are more than 60 museums in the capital; the most popular of which are the Kremlin, the Pushkin Museum of Art with its unique collection of impressionist and modernist paintings, and the Tretyakov Gallery.
There used to be nearly five hundred Orthodox churches in Moscow. Now about 150 are functional and another 100 are in the process of renovating. The most impressive are St. Basil's Cathedral in Red Square, the rebuilt Christ the Savior Cathedral, and the complex of Novodevichy (New Maidens) Convent.
Since the early 90s, when Mikhail Gorbachev started «Perestroika» in Russia, Moscow has been sweepingly transforming into a modern European capital. A construction boom is in full swing. Hundreds of buildings are being reconstructed or renovated; new trade, recreation and business centers are being built, as well as bridges and traffic interchanges. Recently, the gigantic tunneling machine that worked under the English Channel has been brought to Moscow. It will make several traffic tunnels up to 3 kilometers long.
In Moscow itself and around it there are many very interesting estates - Kolomenskoe, Arkhangelskoe, Kuskovo, Ostankino – more than worth visiting. And from Moscow starts a most interesting tour around small ancient Russian towns - the Golden Ring.
The Moscow Kremlin is a symbol of Russia, the oldest part of Moscow. The residence of President of the Russian Federation is located at its territory. The Kremlin has been rebuilt many times. Today's towers and walls of red brick were erected at the end of the XV century.
The center of the Kremlin is Sobornaya (Cathedral) Square, the oldest in Moscow. The square got its name from the Kremlin cathedrals clustered around it: the Archangel Michael, Annunciation and Assumption, the latter was the place of the emperors' coronation. Beside the cathedrals, the Ivan the Great golden-domed belltower built in 1508 is situated in this square.
In 1491 the Granovitaya (Faceted) Chamber was erected in Sobornaya square, it got its name from the facets of the main front. Solemn ceremonies and receptions of foreign ambassadors were held in the Granovitaya Chamber.
In 1849 the Great Kremlin palace was built under Konstantin Ton's project. It used to accommodate the emperor family's chambers, front halls with magnificent furniture, crystal and porcelain.
In the famous Georgievsky hall ceremonial receptions and handing state awards by the President are held now.
Red Square is the main square of Moscow, the place of military parades and mass celebrations. It came into being at the end of the XV century. The real name of the square in English must sound not Red, but Beautiful, as the Russian word «red» meant «beautiful» in the ancient Russian language. In old times the most important decrees were announced in Red square, the tsars and patriarchs addressed the nation from here.
Lenin's Mausoleum - a multigraded building in the constructivist style (arch. Shusev, 1924) - and the Cathedral of Vasily Blazhenny (Basil the Blessed) are situated here. In recent years Red Square has become the venue of concerts of the world famous musicians: Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo, Moncerrat Cabalie and Mstislav Rostropovich.
The Tsar-Cannon in the Moscow Kremlin is a memorial of ancient Russian artillery and founding art, a piece of ordnance of the biggest caliber in the world. Master of the Cannon-yard Andrey Chokhov cast it of bronze in 1586. The length of the cannon is 5,34 m, the caliber is 890 mm, the thickness of the barrel is 15 cm, and it weighs 40 tons. In the XVI-XVIl centuries the cannon was placed in Kitay-Gorod for defense of the Kremlin and the passage across the Moskva-river. However, the Tsar-Cannon has never shot. The decorative gun-carriage and empty-bodied cast-iron cannon-balls lying at the foot of the cannon were cast in 1835.
In the Kremlin, near the 81-meter Belltower of Ivan the Great which was once the tallest building in Russia, there stands the biggest bell in the world - the Tsar-bell. Its weight is 202 tons and the height is 6,14 m. The bell was never rung: soon after the casting, during the fire of 1737, a big piece fell out of it and now lies beside it.
St. Basil's Cathedral - Cathedral of Pokrov (Intercession) «on the ditch» is a cathedral in Red square, a symbol of Moscow. It was built in 1555-1561 by architects Barma and Postnik in commemoration of the victory over the Khanate of Kazan'. Each one of the independent pillar-churches symbolizes the most important events of the Kazan' campaign. The Cathedral gained its today's elegant appearance in the second half of the XVIII century when it was somewhat rebuilt and painted.There is a legend that architects Barma and Postnik were blinded on an order of tsar Ivan the Terrible so that they could never create a wonder like that.
In 1936 Lazar' Kaganovich, Stalin's associate, suggested to pull down the Cathedral of Intercession (Pokhrov). They say he made a special model of the Red Square with a removable Cathedral of Pokhrov and brought it to Stalin showing how the cathedral impeded the demonstrations and the traffic. «We shall do it once!..» - he said and tore the cathedral away from the square. Stalin looked at him, thought a little and slowly said: “Lazar'! Put it in its place”.
Lenin's Mausoleum is a memorial burial-vault in Red Square in Moscow in the Mourning hall of which there stands a crystal sarcophagus of Vladimir Lenin, organizer of the October socialist revolution of 1917. The first building of the burial-vault (1924) was wooden. The modern Mausoleum was built in 1930 from the design of Alexander Shusev of granite and labradorite in the constructivist style. Above the entrance of the Mausoleum there is a tribune on which, for more than 70 years now, the first persons of first the Soviet Union and now Russian Federation used to stand during military parades and mass celebrations.
The Bolshoi Theatre is one of the most well-known musical theatres along with “La Scala” of Milan and “Grand Operas” of Paris. It was founded in 1776. The building from the design of architect Bove was erected in 1825 and the quadriga at the front was made by sculptor Peter Klodt.
Such famous singers as Feodor Shaliapin, Sergey Lemeshev, Galina Vishnevskaya, Irina Arkhipova, Elena Obraztsova, dancers like Galina Ulanova, Maya Plisetskaya, Michail Baryshnikhov, Vladimir Vasiliev, Maris Liepa used to appear on the stage of the theatre. There are always the «sold out» notices when the Bolshoi tours abroad.
The Cathedral of Christ the Savior is an architectural monument with a unique fate. It was built in 1883 in a so called Russian-Byzantine style from the design by architect Konstantin Ton. It was built with people's donations. In 1931 the Cathedral was exploded by Stalin's personal order to make way for a huge Palace of Soviets in its place; however its unfinished foundation pit was turned into an open swimming pool «Moscow» in 1958.
In 1994 it was decided to reconstruct the Cathedral. The building recreation was based on old photos, drawings and sketches, but using modern technologies. At the end of the XX century it took only six years to reconstruct the Cathedral while its original construction lasted 45 years. On August 19, 2000 the Cathedral was sanctified.
Novodevichy (New Maiden) Convent was founded in 1524 by prince Vasily III in commemoration of capturing Smolensk. In the XVI-XVII centuries women of the tsar family and noble boyars’ widows used to become nuns here. The main cathedral of the Convent is the Smolensky built with the Kremlin Assumption cathedral as a model.
In the cemetery of the Convent many famous people of Russia are buried, such as writers Gogol, Checkhov, Bulgakov and Alexey Tolstoy, singer Feodor Shalyapin, composer Shostakhovich, pianist Richter, dancer Galina Ulanova. Here Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Joseph Stalin's young wife, and the wife of the only President of the USSR Michail Gorbachev, Raisa, are buried, too. Nikita Khrushev is also buried there.
The Tretyakov Art Gallery is a Russian fine arts museum of the X-XX centuries. It was named after its founder, merchant and patron of arts Pavel Tretyakov who in 1892 granted his collection to Moscow. At that time the main part of the collection were pictures by «Peredvizhniki» ( "The Society for circulating art exhibitions - Traveling artists") - painters of democratic trend in art.
In the museum one can see such masterpieces as the Icon «Troitsa» («Trinity») by Andrey Rublev (XV century), the great canvas «Christophany» by Alexander Ivanov, llya Repin's «Ivan the Terrible and his Son lvan» depicting the horror of the father who has killed his son, historical canvases by Vasily Surikhov, works of art by Russian avant-gardists Malevich, Kandinsky, Rodchenko, Larionov, Goncharova etc.
High-Rises in Moscow are houses of 26-32 floors built at the end of the 40s - beginning of the 50s of the last century according to an indivisible town-planning idea and in a single architectural style. They are buildings of Moscow University, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, hotels «Leningradskaya» and «Ukraine», administrative and dwelling buildings in two central squares of Moscow. The most well-known of them is the main building of Moscow University at the Vorobyovy Gory (Sparrow Hills) which is 238 m tall and is one of the symbols of Moscow.
«The Worker and the Kolkhoznitsa (woman collective farmer)» is a sculptural group created by Vera Mukhina for the Soviet pavilion at the International exhibition in Paris in 1937. It has been placed before the Northern entrance of the All-Russia Exhibitional Center. It is cast of stainless steel; its height is about 25 m. It is a typical work of socialist realism symbolizing the unity of the working class and the peasants: the worker and the «kolkhoznitsa» are holding a sickle and a hammer above their heads; those are symbols of the Soviet state.
Ostankino TV tower is the second tallest building in the world (539 m, the first one is the TV tower in Toronto - 555 m). It was built in Moscow in 1967, by constructor Nilcolay Nikitin. Beside technical services, there is a sightseeing platform and a three-level restaurant «The Seventh Sky» there; the latter is a ring structure slowly rotating around its axis and from it the visitors can see the Northeastern part of Moscow. In 2000 there was a great fire in the building. It is believed that after the reconstruction the tower will become the tallest in the world - 562 m tall.
Moscow metro is by right considered an architectural memorial. It was opened on May 15, 1935. Best architects of Moscow built up the underground. Such stations as «Dvoretz Sovietov» (The «Palace of Soviets»), «Krasnie Vorota» («Red Gates»), «Sokolniki» and «Mayakovskaya» were awarded the Grand-prix at international exhibitions in Brussels and Paris.
Facing the first stations took more marble than all the tsar palaces in pre-revolution Russia. During the Great Patriotic war the metro was used as a bomb-shelter. Today Moscow metro has over 160 stations on 11 lines. Beside commonly known lines, there is a mysterious «Metro-2» which links governmental buildings in the center of the city with a mythical underground town at the suburbs of the capital.
«Luzhniki» is the biggest sports complex of Moscow built in the 'mid-50s of last century. It has become the center of Olympic games XXII in the summer of 1980. From there rose up to the sky an 8-meter «Misha» - a little bear, mascot of the Olympic games. There are over 140 sportive facilities in «Luzhniki»: the Sports Palace, The Big and the Small arenas, 11 football grounds, 26 sport halls, 3 artificial skating-rinks and many open sport grounds.
Arbat is one the oldest streets in Moscow. Its name comes from the Arabic «rabad» which means «the suburbs». The street came into being in the XIV - XV centuries. For most Muscovites «Arbat» has a broader meaning, it also embodies the neighboring side streets and court-yards which have kept a special «Moscow» spirit. In house number 53 there is «Pushkin' s apartment in Arbat» museum, where the great poet lived with his young wife three happy honeymoons.
In the mid 80s of last century Arbat became the first pedestrian street in Moscow. There appeared a stone pavement, loans and decorative streetlamps. Nowadays Arbat is as popular with the guests of the capital as Red square. There souvenirs and hand-made articles are sold, street singers and musicians sing and play, artists draw portraits.
Kuskovo is a museum estate of the Sheremetyevs counts. The palace and park of the estate were created in the 40s of the XVIII century by serf architects Argunov, Mironov and Dikushin with architect Blank's participation. The pavilion «Grotto», «Italian» and «Dutch» houses, «Greenhouse» and «Hermitage» have survived. In the old park with a system of ponds and canals one can come across 200-year-old trees.
Kolomenskoe is an estate of great princes and tsars of the XVI-XVII centuries (now inside Moscow), which is picture squely situated on a high bank of the Moskva-river. It was first mentioned in the first half of the XIV century. The main sight of Kolomenskoe is the Church of Ascension (1532), one of the first stone hip temples.
The Church of the beheading of St. John the Baptist, The Belfry of George the Victorious (XVI century), the Kazan Cathedral (XVII century) are parts of the Kolomenskoe complex. Since 1971 Kolomenskoe has been a reserve that features memorials of Russian wooden architecture.
Moscow region is a territory within a radius of about 200 - 300 km from Moscow, a historically developed district without any exact boundaries, broader than the Moscow area itself. It is the heart of Russia, from here the Russian lands started to spread. In the XIV century at the territory of the nearest Moscow suburbs there was a small Moscow princedom. For a long period more and more lands were joining it until it turned into a powerful Russian state.
Estates, monasteries, art, military, historical and literary museums, small towns with long history, a lot of health centers and holiday homes - all these attract a lot of tourists and holiday-makers to the Moscow region. It is most convenient to travel here by car. The region, as well as the capital, has a radial-circular structure.
Roads run like rays from Moscow, and two circular roads, once of military significance and thus not shown on the maps, connect them with each other. Markets and trade centers occupy first several kilometers from Moscow, then forests and fields follow, as well as small villages and churches - all those things that from ancient times called forth melancholy folk «road» songs and inspired poets and artists.
The territory of the Moscow region is large; it is much larger than the areas of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg taken together. There are tens of towns in the Moscow region. The oldest of them are Volokolamsk, Dmitrov, Mozhaisk, Zaraisk, Zvenigorod, Kolomna, Serpukhov, Sergiev Posad. In some of them ancient buildings, churches, kremlins, monasteries have survived. Most popular with the tourists is Sergiev Posad where the Orthodox center of Russia - Troitse-Sergieva lavra, part of the tourist rout «Golden Ring» is situated.
Products of Moscow region craftsmen are famous the world over. Many travelers wish to buy the Gzhel white-blue ceramics, the Sergiev-Posad matrioshka, a tray of Zhostovo, a shawl of Pavlovo-Posad or a Fedoskino lacquered box.
A Moscow nobleman's estate of the XVIII-XIX centuries is not just a private residence surrounded by a picturesque park. Most estates were centers of cultural life. Famous artists, writers, musicians and actors lived in them or visited them. Now some of these estates are turned into museums: Abramtsevo, Melihovo, Muranovo and certainly Yasnaya Poliana - the place where for many years the great Leo Tolstoy worked and where he wrote "Anna Karenina" and “War and Peace”.
Severe battles have taken place many times at the lands of the Moscow region. The former battle sites are museums now. Such is Kulikovo Field where Mongol and Tatar troops were defe¬ated in 1380; Borodino military-historic museum-reserve in memory of the hardest battle of Russian army with Napoleon, a memorial complex and museum near passing-track Dubosekovo - a memorial of the Moscow battle of 1941.
The spirit of changes typical of Moscow where a grand-scale construction is on has concerned the Moscow region, too. With every year more and more sanatoriums, tourist centers and holiday-homes meet world standards. Business-centers, the newest methods of rejuvenation and medical equipment, golf fields, aqua-parks - all these can be found today in the Moscow region.
Lovers of active rest can go into almost all kind of sports - beginning from riding to hang-gliding and jumping with a parachute. Among a variety of high mountain centers the most popular are those in the North of Moscow, in the region of Yakhroma - sport park «Volen», sport complexes «Stepanovo», «Sorochany», in the village of Shukolovo. President of Russia Vladimir Putin, a passionate lover of mountain skiing, often visits the last one.
To understand Russia, to feel the beauty of its soft nature, to come to know its history and culture, one must visit the Moscow region - this ancient land keeping the memory of great events and great people.
Archangelskoe estate is by right compared to Versailles. In the early XIX century its owner prince Nickolay Yusupov placed here his collections of fine arts of which a lot has survived in the Grand palace. The pride of Archangelskoe is a regular park with memorial columns, one hundred year old lime-trees, pavilions, the church of Archangel Mikhail, colonnade and the Gonzago theatre with unique ancient decorations. Russian monarchs used to visit the estate, so did the great poet Alexander Pushkin.
In the XVII century Russian Patriarch Nikon decided to recreate the Holy Land with an exact copy of the Holy Sepulcher and Gethsemane garden in the suburbs of Moscow. The grand New Jerusalem Monastery similar to the ancient Jerusalem temple, a park with springs and ponds and a cell of patriarchy Nikon were built. Now there is a museum of wooden architecture in the park; a wooden church, a peasants' estate, a chapel and a mill were brought here from various places of Moscow region.
One of the centers of Russian spiritual life, Uspensky Joseph Volokolamsk (Volotsky) monastery was founded in XV century and later it was rebuilt. Since XVII century the Saint gate with a small church above it has survived. In the monastery there is a rich library numbering over a thousand manuscripts, a collection of church plate, editions of the Bible, ancient Russian needlework.
Abramtsevo is an estate not far from Sergiev Posad of the Moscow region. Since 1870 it belonged to the famous patron of arts and manufacturer Savva Mamontov who used to be visited by many Russian artists. Under their projects an attic, a church and a "peasant's house on hen's legs" (in Russian folk tales - a home of the horrible old Baba Yaga) were built in Russian national style. Masterpiece fretworks and majolica have been created there, too.
Pictures known by any Russian, such as «A Girl with Peaches» (Mamontov's daughter) by Valentine Serov and «Alionushka» - a barefooted peasant girl grieving at the bank of a pond (a heroine of many Russian tales) by Victor Vasnetsov were created in Abramtsevo. Since 1918 there has been a museum in the estate.
This famous village is located in 124 km distance to the West of Moscow. The field of Borodino is situated in its suburbs. On September 7, 1812 there was a battle between the Russians and Napoleon's army which strongly influenced the result of the Patriotic war. Later Napoleon called the battle at Borodino one of his most horrible battles. The causalities of both sides numbered about 80 thousand people. Nowadays a military historical reserve is situated there. Every year on September, 7 celebrations and festivals are held, scenes of the battle at Borodino are acted, parades and concerts of military brass band take place.
In 40 km from Moscow there has survived a wonderful romantic corner with an overgrown park and a typical nobleman's estate Marfino. From the road to the estate there stretches a pseudo-Gothic bridge-dam reminding of an English castle. White stone griffins meet the visitors at the gate; lonely arbors and two small churches of the XVIII century are seen through the trees.
Zvenigorod is a typical Russian provincial town. Loghouses with carved platbands are surrounded with gardens and vegetable gardens; there are several old stone buildings, churches, museums and a monastery in the suburbs. Anton Chekhov used to work in the hospital of Zvenigorod. But there is a legend, which attracts foreigners and especially Frenchmen there.
During the war of 1812 prince Eugene Bogarnet, Napoleon's stepson, stopped to spend a night in Sawino-Storozhevsky monastery in Zvenigorod. In his dream an old monk appeared before him and told him not to profane Russian sanctuaries, then he would return home safe and his descendants would live in Russia. Everything happened just this way: Bogarnet's son married a Russian tsar's daughter and settled in Russia.
Over a hundred years ago the famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov lived in this estate. There his play «Sea gull» was written. The interior of the main house with a porch in form of a fairy-tale castle remains the same as in the writer's lifetime. It seems that the inhabitants of the house have left for a while and will be back just in a minute. In the estate garden there is a bell, which used to call the household to the table, a pond and the Alley of love where an old elm still grows. Flowers are grown in beautiful flower gardens just the way the writer used to do it himself. Nowadays Melikhovo keeps the spirit of Chekhov's epoch.
In 12 km from the Moscow regional town Serpukhov there is one of the few places in Russia where bisons live. By the beginning of the XX century they were exterminated, only several animals survived in the zoological gardens. This species in Russia is rehabilitated in the Northern Caucasus and there, in the Oka reserve. Beside the bison, one can also see a spotty deer, a Russian musk-rat and rare birds there. The natural zones of the reserve go down in terraces to the Oka, the biggest tributary of the Volga.
The tall Zachatievsky monastery and Vladichny Vvedensky convent - the oldest in the Moscow region - beautify a small nice provincial town of Serpukhov in the Moscow region. This town is rich in memorials of Russian history and culture. Fragments of a white stone Kremlin and churches are expressive. Serpukhov is also famous for its production of jacquard blankets.
The Museum-estate of the great Russian writer Lev Tolstoy is situated in Tula region, to the South of Moscow. In Yasnaya Polyana the writer was born, lived about 60 years and is buried. The novels «War and Peace » and «Anna Karenina» were written in Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy used to teach peasants' children in the school built by him, edit a teacher's journal, work in the field. Famous artists, writers, composers and followers of Tolstoy's philosophic theory used to come here to meet the «Great Old Man».
From old times this town, in 200 km to the South of Moscow, has been famous for its metal-work, no matter if that were arms or samovars. Among the main places of interest of Tula there is certainly The Armory museum was founded in the period of Peter the Great. There is no other like it in the world; all people's arms are presented here, beginning from the bow and arrows and up to the most modern infantry arms.
Tula has been famous for production of spice-cakes since old times. Tula's spice-cakes baked in special forms are not only tasty, but beautiful too. Accordion business came into being in Tula in the XIX century and Tula's accordion became very popular in Russia. Local masters not only polished up the foreign accordion, but created quite a new instrument which no Russian national orchestra can do without.
Kulikovo Field is a military and historical reserve in Tula district, in 250 km from Moscow. In autumn 1380 a grand battle between Russian retinue and the army of Golden Horde took place here. And though Russia remained under Mongol and Tatar yoke for 100 years more, the victory in Kulikovo Field played a great role in realizing by the Russians their force against foreign conquerors. The leader of the Russian retinue prince Dmitry Donskoy is considered a national hero.
In a town of Sergiev Posad (in 70 km to the North of Moscow) there is Trinity-St.Sergius lavra - an Orthodox center of Russia, a memorial of ancient Russian architecture. Monk Sergius of Radonezh in the 1930s - 1940s of the XIV century founded it. Russian religious philosopher Pavel Florensky wrote: «Lavra is an artistic portrait of Russia in its whole compared to which any other place is no more than a photo».
One can see there an iconostasis of the XV century with the rarest collection of ancient Russian painting. The center of the monastery is the Uspensky (Dormition) cathedral (1585), which is a copy of the Uspensky cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin by forms, and in terms of the size, is somewhat larger.
In this small village of the Moscow region Sergius of Radonezh, the most respected Russian saint, spent his childhood. One can see the landscape of this place in the picture "Vision of Adolescent Bartholomew" by Mikhail Nesterov depicting a little herdsman, the future founder of the Troitse-Sergieva lavra. Radonezh has once been the capital of local princedom. In the wooden fortress in 1446 grand prince Vasily II was captured by his cousin Dmitry Shemiaka and blinded.
Kolomna is a coeval of Moscow, a reserve of ancient architecture, religious memorials, remainders of Kremlin towers and walls, which survived in their original form. A walk along the ancient streets and suburbs of this small cosy town brings us now into the romantic realm of old Russia and then into the XIX century.
The Russian city of Ryazan' situated to the South of Moscow dates back to the XIV century, though there was once an older town of the same name burnt down by Mongol and Tatars. One of its memorials is the Archangelsky cathedral famous for its architecture. Not far from the city there is an underground monastery in a rock. Riazan' land is closely connected with the name of Russian remarkable poet Sergey Yesenin.
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Paspoort of reisdocument dat ten minste 6 maanden na de vervaldatum van het visum geldig is en beschikt over minimaal 2 blanco pagina`s;
Een Toeristen visum is een document dat mensen die Rusland als toerist bezoeken moeten
hebben. De maximale geldigheidsduur van zo’n visum is 30 kelenderdagen. Een Toeristen visum kan one-entry of double-entry zijn.
Een Toeristen visum naar Rusland wordt afgegeven op basis van een toeristen-uitnodiging. Dit document bestaat uit 2 delen:
Een Toeristen uitnodiging wordt afgegeven op het briefhoofdpapier van een toeristisch bedrijf, bevestigd door een zegel en handtekening. In de meeste gevallen van het aanvragen van een visum is een kopie van zo’n uitnodiging voldoende. In sommige gevallen kan het Consulaat vragen om het origineel. Ook kan het Consulaat vragen de volgende documenten: Kopieen van de vliegtickets, hotelreserveringen, het programma van uw reis, etc.
Om snel een Toeristen visum naar Rusland te krijgen, moet u simpelweg gebruik te maken van onze diensten. Zelfs als u niet beschikt over een uitnodiging, zullen wij deze automatisch voor u regelen.
Voor een aanvraag van een Toeristen visum, zijn voor iedere reiziger de volgende documenten nodig:
Een ingevuld en ondertekend Order Form RNVB (Deze kunt u tevens on-line invullen met de
Track&Trace controle optie).
Paspoort of reisdocument dat ten minste 6 maanden na de vervaldatum van het visum geldig is en beschikt over minimaal 2 blanco pagina`s.
Een ingevulde en ondertekende enquete van het Russisch Consulaat (wordt voor U door RNVB ingevuld).
1 kleur pasfoto.
Ziektekosten-/reisverzekering geldig in de Russische Federatie of wereld dekkend (moet op polisbladaangegeven zijn).
TRANSIT VISUM (doorreisvisum)
Dit visum is bedoeld voor mensen die naar een derde land reizen via het grondgebied van
Rusland. Er zijn twee soorten transit visa: one-entry en double-entry.
Een uitnodiging is bij een transit visum niet nodig. Transit visa worden afgegeven op basis van de getoonde vlieg-/treintickets en een geldig visum voor het land van eindbestemming (indien nodig).
De aanwezigheid van een inreisvisum voor de aangrenzende staat is niet vereist voor burgers van deze staat, evenals de burgers van de landen in aanmerking komen voor visumvrij reizen naar de buurlanden in overeenstemming met de bestaande overeenkomsten tussen de landen.
Transit visa worden afgegeven voor een periode die nodig is voor de doorvoer over het grondgebied van de Russische Federatie, of voor transitvluchten, in overeenstemming met de tickets en het recht om op het moment van overdracht te stoppen voor niet meer dan drie dagen. De rekentijd voor doorvoer voertuigen wordt bepaald door de afstand tussen de punten van binnenkomst en uitgang naar de dagelijkse kilometerstand van 500 kilometer.
Een transit visum is niet vereist voor een verblijf maximaal 24 uur in de internationale zone van de Russische luchthaven, om over te stappen naar een ander vliegtuig.
Als u niet in staat bent om aan deze voorwaarden te voldoen, raden we u aan een aanvraag voor een regulier toeristenvisum in te dienen.
Om een Transit (doorreis) visum aan te vragen, hebben alle reizigers de volgende documenten nodig:
Een ingevuld en ondertekend Order Form RNVB (u kunt dit ook online invullen, door gebruik te maken van de Track&Trace conrole optie);
Een paspoort of reisdocument dat tenminste 6 maanden na vervaldatum geldig is en beschikt over minimaal 2 blanco pagina`s;
Een kopie van uw bevestigde tickets naar en van Rusland;
Een kopie van een geldig visum (indien nodig) naar het land van uw eindbestemming;
Een ingevulde enquete van het Consulaat van Rusland (RNVB zal dit voor u doen);
Een Privé-(gasten) visum wordt verleend aan buitenlanders die als gast Rusland willend bezoeken;
met andere woorden, diegenen die op bezoek gaan bij een burger van Rusland.
Een Privé visum is een speciaal soort visum, gemaakt op basis van een uitnodiging, die wordt afgegeven na aanvraag van een burger van Rusland of een buitenlander met een verblijfsvergunning in Rusland.
Een Privé-uitnodiging wordt afgegeven op het briefhoofd van de Federale Migratie Dienst (FMS). Hierbij moet de initiatiefnemer persoonlijk aanwezig zijn en het bewijs leveren dat in staat is om een buitenlandse burger normale levensomstandigheden te bieden tijdens de gehele verblijfperiode van de buitenlandse gast. De periode van geldigheid van dit visum is maximaal drie maanden.
Voor een aanvraag van een privé-(gasten) visum, zijn voor iedere reiziger de volgende documenten nodig:
Een ingevuld en ondertekend Order Form RNVB (Deze kunt u tevens on-line invullen met de Track&Trace controle optie);
Paspoort of reisdocument dat ten minste 6 maanden na de vervaldatum van het visum geldig is en beschikt over minimaal 2 blanco pagina`s;
Vanaf 12 maart 2010 kunnen echtgenoten en kinderen van Russische burgers, die legaal in Nederland wonen en naar Rusland reizen samen met hun Russische familielid, makkelijker een privévisum krijgen. In hun geval is een uitnodiging van de Federale Migratie Dienst niet meer nodig. Hier kunt u meer informatie vinden over dit reglement..
GROEPSVISUM
Als het gaat om Groepsvisa naar Rusland, wordt er meestal gesproken over toeristische groepsvisa.
Toeristische groepsvisa worden afgegeven voor maximaal een maand, aan toeristen die het grondgebied van de Russische Federatie als onderdeel van een georganiseerde toeristische groepsreis bezoeken. De groep moet hierbij uit minimaal 7 personen bestaan.
Een toeristisch groepsvisum kan single-entry zijn; hiermee kunnen reizigers de Russische grens 1 keer bij aankomst en 1 keer bij vertrek oversteken. Een groepsvisum kan ook double-entry zijn; hiermee kunnen reizigers de Russische grens 2 keer bij aankomst en 2 keer bij vertrek oversteken.
Een groep buitenlandse reizigers die naar Rusland komen als toeristen, moeten een contract voor de levering van toeristische diensten hebben afgesloten en een bevestiging van de aanbieder van de toeristische activiteiten bij zich hebben.
Groepvisa geven een perfecte mogelijkheid aan toeristen om geld te besparen op hun reis naar Rusland. Bij RNVB ontvangt u een officiele uitnodiging en het visum zelf voor een aanzienlijke korting.
Een offerte aanvragen:
CONFERENTIE/TENTOONSTELLINGEN VISUM
Elk jaar reizen duizenden ondernemers en werknemers van Nederlandse bedrijven uit verschillende
branches naar Rusland om deel te nemen aan tentoonstellingen en conferenties. Wij realiseren ons dat de beslissing om deel te nemen aan tentoonstellingen, congressen, conferenties e.a, vaak wordt uitgesteld tot het laatste moment. In deze gevallen kan ons kantoor, met de steun van de Kamer van Koophandel en Industrie van de Russische Federatie, de nodige documenten voorbereiden voor de onmiddelijke afgave van een target visum naar Rusland, in overeenstemming met de eisen van de Consulaire Afdeling.
Voor de aanvraag van een target visum, zijn voor iedere reiziger de volgende documenten nodig:
Een ingevuld en ondertekend Order Form RNVB (Deze kunt u tevens on-line invullen met de Track&Trace controle optie);
Paspoort of reisdocument dat ten minste 6 maanden na de vervaldatum van het visum geldig is en beschikt over minimaal 2 blanco pagina`s;
Een brief van uw bedrijf/organisatie waarin het doel van uw bezoek naar Rusland staat vermeld (tentoonstelling, beurs, congres, etc.) of een officiele uitnodiging van de ontvangende kant;
Een ingevulde enquete van het Russisch Consulaat (wordt voor U door RNVB ingevuld);
Visa voor journalisten die reizen voor journalistiek werk, dat wil zeggen; voor afzonderlijke
gebeurtenissen, reportages, uit te voeren redactionele taken, enz., worden gemaakt aan de hand van de volgende documenten: 1) een originele Perskaart, uitgegeven door een beroepsorganisatie waaruit blijkt dat de visumaanvrager een gekwalificeerde journalist is en 2) het beroep van redactie tot de Consulaire Afdeling van de Ambassade van de Russische Federatie met een verzoek om een visum te geven aan de betreffende journalist, met een uitleg van de redactionele missie.
Voor het aanvragen van een journalisten visum hebben alle reizigers de volgende documenten nodig:
Een ingevuld en ondertekend Order Form RNVB (U kunt ervoor kiezen om deze online in te vullen, met behulp van de Track & Trace-controle optie);
Paspoort of reisdocument, dat ten minste zes maanden na de vervaldatum van het visum geldig is en ten minste twee blanco pagina`s heeft;
Originele perskaart of een certificaat of ander document van een beroepsorganisatie waaruit blijkt dat de betrokken persoon een gekwalificeerde journalist is en een document van zijn / haar werkgever waarin staat dat het doel van de reis is om journalistiek werk te verrichten;
Brief/document van de werkgever van de journalist waarin staat dat het doel van de reis is om journalistiek werk te verrichten;
Een ingevulde formulier van het Russische Consulaat (RNVB zal dit voor u doen);
RNVB levert diverse soorten visa die zijn aangegeven in de Overeenkomst tussen de Europese
Gemeenschap en de Russische Federatie:
a) Visa voor leden van officiële delegaties die op officiële uitnodiging gericht tot de lidstaten, de Europese Unie of de Russische Federatie, deelnemen aan bijeenkomsten, overlegrondes, onderhandelingen of uitwisselingsprogramma`s, maar ook aan evenementen die op het grondgebied van de Russische Federatie of een van de lidstaten door intergouvernementele organisaties plaatsvinden;
b) Visa voor chauffeurs die internationaal goederen-en personenvervoer verzorgen tussen het grondgebied van de Russische Federatie en de lidstaten, met voertuigen die zijn geregistreerd in de lidstaten of in de Russische Federatie;
c) Visa voor het personeel van wagons, koelkastbrigades en locomotieven van internationale treinen die zich verplaatsen tussen de grondgebieden van de lidstaten en de Russische Federatie;
d) Visa voor deelnemers aan wetenschappelijke, culturele en artistieke activiteiten, inclusief universitaire en andere uitwisselingsprogramma`s;
e) Visa voor scholieren, studenten, postdoctoraal studenten en begeleidende docenten die reizen voor studie-of opleidingsdoeleinden, bijvoorbeeld in het kader van uitwisselingsprogramma`s en andere schoolgerelateerde activiteiten;
f) Visa voor deelnemers aan internationale sportevenementen en personen die hen beroepshalve begeleiden;
g) Visa voor deelnemers aan officiële uitwisselingsprogramma`s van zustersteden.
Voor meer informatie over hoe u speciale visa kunt verkrijgen, kunt u contact opnemen met ons kantoor.
